Deep research and expert guides on maintaining your visual health.
Introduction Vision loss from optic nerve injury or glaucoma happens because retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) fail to regrow their axons. In adult mammals, the intrinsic growth program of RGCs is normally shut off, so damaged nerves do not heal o...
Aging, Senescence, and Glaucoma Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness and its risk rises with age. In aged eyes, cells can enter a senescent state – they stop dividing but stay alive – and release harmful signals called the senescence-asso...
Citrus Bioflavonoids (Hesperidin, Diosmin) for Ocular Hemodynamics The eye’s tiny blood vessels must work well to keep vision sharp. In glaucoma, reduced blood flow to the optic nerve may worsen damage. Citrus bioflavonoids like hesperidin...
Introduction Eye diseases like glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration share a common culprit: oxidative stress from harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excess ROS can damage DNA, lipids and proteins in the ret...
Anthocyanins and Bilberry Extracts: Retinal Resilience and Aging Microvasculature The flavonoids anthocyanins (pigments in berries) have long been claimed to benefit eye health, and modern studies suggest they do concentrate in ocular and vasc...
Introduction Taurine is a nutrient-rich amino sulfonic acid found in high concentrations in the retina and other neural tissues. In fact, taurine levels in the retina are higher than in any other body tissue, and its depletion causes retinal ...
EGCG and Neurovascular Health in Glaucoma and Aging Green tea cultures have long prized their tea’s catechins—particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)—for promoting health. Modern research suggests EGCG’s potent antioxidant, anti...
Melatonin and the Eye: Nighttime IOP and Neuroprotection Melatonin is a neurohormone produced in a ~24-hour cycle (circadian rhythm) that plays key roles in sleep regulation and acts as a powerful antioxidant. In the eye, melatonin is synthes...
Magnesium and Vascular Dysregulation in Glaucoma Glaucoma is a progressive optic nerve disease that leads to vision loss. While high intraocular pressure (IOP) is the best-known risk factor, many patients – especially those with normal-tension ...
Resveratrol’s Promise in Glaucoma: Ocular Cells and Systemic Aging Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound often touted as a “caloric restriction mimetic” and SIRT1 activator with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Early studies sh...
Macular Carotenoids (Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Meso-zeaxanthin) Beyond the Macula Introduction: Lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin are yellow-carotenoid pigments concentrated in the macula of the eye. Beyond filtering blue light in the retina,...
Saffron (Crocins) in Optic Neuroprotection: Translating Retinal Evidence to Glaucoma Saffron (the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L.) is rich in carotenoid compounds, especially crocins (glycosides) and their aglycone crocetin. These...
Spermidine: An Autophagy-Inducing Polyamine for Eye Health Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine found in all cells and in many aging-friendly foods. It has recently attracted attention as an autophagy inducer and “longevity” nutr...
Curcumin and Curcuminoids for Glaucoma Neuroprotection Glaucoma is an age-related optic neuropathy marked by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and vision impairment. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are central to glau...
Vitamin D Status, Intraocular Pressure, and Neuroinflammation Glaucoma is a chronic optic neuropathy leading to irreversible vision loss (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov(https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5156616/:~:text=Glaucoma%20is%20a%20chro...
N-Acetylcysteine and Glutathione in the Aging Eye Age-related eye diseases – including glaucoma and retinal degeneration – are driven in part by oxidative stress, an imbalance between harmful free radicals (reactive oxygen species) and the eye...
Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Glaucoma: Inflammation and Eye Health Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy often driven by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and chronic neuroinflammation. By contrast, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (...
Introduction Citicoline, also known as CDP-choline, is a naturally occurring compound that supports nerve cell function. It serves as a key precursor for phospholipids — essential components of cell membranes — and boosts levels of importa...
Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Glaucoma: A Neurovascular Antioxidant Strategy Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy in which elevated intraocular pressure, vascular insufficiency, and oxidative stress contribute to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) d...
Introduction Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the neurons that send visual signals from the eye to the brain. They rely on a high-energy metabolism because they must maintain electrical signals over long distances. In glaucoma and related opti...
Designing Multi-Ingredient Neuroprotective Formulations for Glaucoma Glaucoma is a complex optic neuropathy characterized by progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and visual field loss. Its pathogenesis involves not only elevated ...
Astaxanthin: A Potent Antioxidant for Eye Health Oxidative stress – an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s defenses – contributes to many eye diseases (dry eye, macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataract) (pmc.ncbi.nlm.ni...
Introduction Glaucoma is an age-related optic neuropathy in which retinal ganglion cells and their fibers in the optic nerve gradually die, often silently, leading to vision loss. While high intraocular pressure is a well-known risk factor, b...
Introduction Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy marked by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and visual field loss (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov(https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6301180/:~:text=Glaucoma%2C%20the%20leading%20cause%20...
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