Intraocular pressure

intraocular pressure

Intraocular pressure is the force exerted by the fluids inside the eye that keeps the eye firm and helps it maintain its shape. The eye constantly produces a clear fluid that nourishes tissues and then drains it away; intraocular pressure reflects the balance between production and drainage. Normal pressure varies between people but is usually within a range that is safe for the delicate tissues inside the eye. When fluid builds up because drainage is blocked or production is too high, pressure rises and can press on sensitive structures like the optic nerve. If pressure stays too high, it can damage nerve fibers and cause gradual vision loss without noticeable early symptoms. Measuring intraocular pressure is a routine part of eye exams and helps identify people at risk of certain eye conditions before vision is lost. Pressure can change over the course of a day and may be affected by body position, medications, and other health conditions. Treatments to manage elevated pressure include eye drops, laser procedures, and surgery that either reduce fluid production or improve drainage. Monitoring and controlling pressure is important because early detection and treatment can preserve vision and prevent irreversible damage.