aging immunosenescence

aging immunosenescence

Aging immunosenescence refers to the gradual weakening and remodeling of the immune system that happens as people grow older. It involves fewer new immune cells being produced, a shrinking of the thymus that reduces the supply of fresh T cells, and a drop in the variety of immune cells available to fight new infections. Older immune systems often carry more long-lived memory and senescent immune cells that respond less effectively to threats. B cells also change with age and tend to produce lower-quality antibodies, so both natural infections and vaccines can trigger weaker defenses. This process matters because it makes older adults more vulnerable to infections, slows recovery, and reduces vaccine effectiveness. Chronic low-level inflammation that often accompanies aging can damage tissues and contribute to a range of age-related conditions. Understanding immunosenescence helps public health planners design better vaccination strategies and care plans for older people. Researchers and clinicians are also exploring lifestyle measures like exercise, improved nutrition and sleep, and medical approaches that aim to restore healthier immune function in older adults.