Ocular microbiome

ocular microbiome

The ocular microbiome is the community of tiny organisms that live on the surface of the eye and in nearby tissues. These organisms include bacteria, fungi, and viruses that coexist with eye cells and the local immune system. Most of these microbes are harmless and can even help protect the eye by preventing harmful germs from taking hold. When the balance of these microbes shifts, it can contribute to conditions like dry eye, irritation, or infection. Factors such as contact lens use, environmental exposures, antibiotics, and immune changes can alter the composition of this community. Studying the ocular microbiome is important because it offers clues about why some people are more prone to eye inflammation or infections. It may also help doctors predict how a patient will respond to treatments and guide safer practices around surgery or lens hygiene. Researchers are exploring ways to support a healthy ocular microbiome, including targeted therapies and improved cleaning routines. Overall, recognizing the eye as an ecosystem of living organisms changes how we think about prevention, diagnosis, and care for eye health.