Meibomian gland dysfunction

meibomian gland dysfunction

Meibomian gland dysfunction occurs when the tiny oil-producing glands along the edge of the eyelids become blocked or produce poor-quality oil. Those oils normally form the outer layer of your tears and prevent them from evaporating too quickly. When the glands don't work properly, tears can evaporate faster, causing the eyes to feel dry, gritty, or burning. People may also notice blurred vision that improves with blinking, crusty eyelid margins, or frequent tearing as the surface becomes irritated. It is a common cause of chronic dry eye and can affect people of any age, though it becomes more likely with age and certain health conditions. Because symptoms overlap with other eye problems, a careful eyelid and tear film exam is usually needed to make the diagnosis. Causes include gland blockage from thickened oils, inflammation, hormonal changes, skin conditions like rosacea, and some medications. Simple home measures such as warm compresses, gentle lid massage, and daily eyelid cleaning often help by softening and expressing the gland secretions. If those steps are not enough, an eye doctor may recommend in-office gland expression, anti-inflammatory medications, oral antibiotics, or specialized devices that heat and massage the eyelids. Dietary measures like omega-3 supplements and staying well hydrated can support oil quality, though results vary between people. Managing this condition is important because improving gland function usually reduces discomfort and helps protect the clarity of the tear film and your vision.