Optic nerve head perfusion

optic nerve head perfusion

Optic nerve head perfusion is the blood flow that supplies the front portion of the optic nerve where it leaves the eye. This small region needs a steady supply of oxygen and nutrients to support the nerve fibers that carry visual signals to the brain. Because those nerve fibers have high energy demands, even modest reductions in blood flow can harm their function and survival. Perfusion depends on blood pressure, tiny blood vessel health, and the structure of the surrounding tissues that can compress or restrict flow. Good perfusion helps maintain clear vision, while poor perfusion can contribute to progressive nerve damage. Clinicians and researchers pay attention to this blood flow because it can be altered by conditions like glaucoma, vascular disease, or changes in eye pressure. Assessing optic nerve head perfusion helps identify patients at higher risk of vision loss and can guide treatments that improve circulation or reduce pressure on the nerve. Interventions may include drugs to dilate vessels, methods to lower intraocular pressure, or lifestyle measures to improve overall cardiovascular health. Advanced imaging tools can measure perfusion patterns and track changes over time, aiding decisions about therapy. Protecting or restoring this blood flow is an important part of preventing irreversible damage to the optic nerve.