Free radicals

free radicals

Free radicals are unstable atoms or molecules that carry an unpaired electron, which makes them highly reactive with other molecules in the body. Because they want to stabilize themselves, they snatch electrons from nearby molecules and can start chain reactions that change or damage those molecules. They are produced naturally during normal processes such as breathing and energy production, and they also come from external sources like pollution, cigarette smoke, and radiation. A moderate level of free radical activity can be helpful—immune cells use them to fight infections, and they can act as signals in cell communication. Problems occur when free radical production outpaces the body's ability to neutralize them, leading to damage that contributes to aging and many chronic diseases. Antioxidants and cellular repair systems help control free radicals and fix their damage. Eating a varied diet rich in fruits and vegetables, avoiding smoking, and reducing exposure to pollution can help limit excess free radical formation and protect health.