Angle-closure

Angle-Closure

Angle-closure refers to a situation in the eye where the drainage pathway between the iris and cornea becomes blocked or narrowed, preventing normal fluid outflow. When fluid cannot drain properly, pressure inside the eye can rise quickly, which may damage the optic nerve and affect vision if not treated. This can be sudden and painful, producing symptoms such as severe eye pain, intense headache, nausea or vomiting, blurred vision, and seeing halos around lights. The condition is considered an emergency because rapid increases in eye pressure can cause permanent vision loss within hours to days. Some people have a narrow anatomical angle that makes them more likely to develop this problem, and certain medications or dim lighting that dilates the pupil can trigger an episode. Diagnosis is made by an eye care professional using instruments that examine the angle and measure eye pressure and optic nerve health. Initial treatment focuses on lowering the pressure quickly with medications, followed by procedures such as laser therapy or surgery to open or create a permanent drainage path. After treatment, ongoing follow-up is needed to monitor eye pressure and protect vision, and sometimes the other eye is treated preventively. Recognizing warning signs early and getting urgent care is important because timely treatment greatly reduces the risk of permanent damage.