Intraocular Pressure Regulation

intraocular pressure regulation

Intraocular pressure regulation is the process by which the eye maintains a healthy pressure inside the eyeball. This pressure comes mainly from the continuous production and drainage of a clear fluid called aqueous humor. The fluid is made by the ciliary body, flows through the front of the eye, and leaves either through a sponge-like drain or through other paths into surrounding tissues. A steady balance between how much fluid is made and how much drains keeps the pressure in a normal range. If production is too high or drainage is blocked, pressure rises and can damage the optic nerve, which can lead to vision loss. Regulation is influenced by many things, including genetics, aging, blood pressure in the eye, body position, and certain medications. Doctors measure eye pressure to assess risk for conditions like glaucoma and to decide whether treatment is needed. Treatments aim to restore balance by reducing fluid production, improving drainage, or both, using drops, laser procedures, or surgery. Keeping eye pressure within a safe range is one of the most important ways to prevent long-term damage to vision. Understanding how pressure is regulated helps people follow treatment plans, notice changes in vision, and work with their eye care team to protect their sight.