Senescence

senescence

Cellular senescence is a state in which cells permanently stop dividing but do not die. Cells enter this state in response to stressors like DNA damage, shortened chromosome ends, or other harmful signals. Although senescent cells cease proliferation, they remain metabolically active and change the substances they release. In the short term, senescence can be helpful: it prevents damaged cells from turning into cancer and helps with wound healing and development. Over time, however, senescent cells can accumulate in tissues and contribute to chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction. This buildup is associated with aging and several age-related diseases, including fibrosis, osteoarthritis, and some metabolic disorders. Because senescence has both protective and harmful roles, scientists are trying to understand how to remove or control these cells without disrupting their beneficial effects. This research has led to interest in drugs and natural compounds that selectively clear senescent cells or blunt their harmful signals. Understanding senescence matters because it offers a target for interventions that may improve health span and treat age-related conditions, but any therapies must be carefully tested to balance benefits and risks.