Iop

IOP

IOP stands for intraocular pressure — the fluid pressure inside the eye. It reflects the balance between the fluid the eye makes and the fluid that drains away. Measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg), many people have values roughly between 10 and 21 mmHg, though normal ranges vary. High IOP is a major risk factor for glaucoma, a condition that can slowly damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. Very low pressure can also cause problems, such as eye pain or structural weakness, so both high and low readings matter. Eye care professionals measure IOP with instruments called tonometers during routine exams or when monitoring disease. Readings can change over the day and with activity, so repeated checks and careful interpretation are important. Treatments that change IOP include eye drops, laser procedures, and surgery, all aimed at protecting the optic nerve and preserving vision. Understanding and tracking IOP helps people and doctors make decisions that reduce the risk of vision loss and guide effective, safe care.