Ocular disease

ocular disease

Ocular disease refers to any illness or condition that affects the eye and the structures that support vision. This includes problems of the front of the eye like the cornea and lens as well as deeper issues involving the retina, optic nerve, and the blood vessels that feed the eye. Common examples include cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, infections, and inflammatory disorders. Many of these conditions can cause gradual vision loss or sudden changes in sight, making everyday tasks harder and reducing quality of life. Risk factors vary by condition but often include aging, genetic background, chronic diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure, smoking, and prolonged sun exposure. Detecting eye problems early with regular exams is important because treatments tend to be more effective before damage becomes severe. Treatment options range from corrective lenses and medicated drops to laser therapies, injections, and surgeries, and newer approaches include gene and cell therapies. Preventive steps such as controlling chronic diseases, wearing UV protection, and avoiding tobacco can lower the chance of some eye conditions. Understanding ocular disease matters not only for health but also for independence and well-being, because vision loss can lead to injury, dependence, and social isolation. Many eye problems are manageable or treatable if found early, so paying attention to symptoms and keeping up with eye care helps protect vision.