Ocular hypertension

ocular hypertension

Ocular hypertension means the pressure inside the eye is higher than normal but there are no signs of optic nerve damage or vision loss yet. It is measured with a tool called a tonometer and is expressed in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), with typical normal pressures ranging roughly from 10 to 21 mm Hg. Having higher eye pressure increases the risk of developing glaucoma, a condition that can damage the optic nerve and lead to permanent vision loss. People with ocular hypertension usually do not have symptoms, which is why regular eye exams are important, especially if you have other risk factors like age or family history. Doctors monitor pressure over time and also check the optic nerve and visual field to decide whether treatment is needed. Treatment options can include eye drops, laser procedures, or surgery to lower pressure and reduce the chance of progression to glaucoma. Lifestyle steps such as healthy blood pressure control, regular exercise, and avoiding medications that can raise eye pressure may help, but medical follow-up is essential. Not everyone with ocular hypertension will develop glaucoma, and the decision to treat depends on how high the pressure is and a person’s overall risk. Understanding ocular hypertension helps people appreciate why routine eye checks matter — catching elevated pressure early gives the best chance to preserve vision.